Introduction
Weight ratings are the most important specifications to understand before towing any trailer. These numbers determine what your trailer can safely carry, how it should be loaded and whether your vehicle is legally allowed to tow it. This guide explains GVWR, GAWR, curb weight, payload and how they all work together.
What Is GVWR?
GVWR stands for Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. It is the maximum weight the trailer can safely weigh when fully loaded. This includes the trailer itself plus all cargo, accessories and fluids.
For example:
A trailer with a 7,000 lb GVWR and a 2,000 lb empty weight can carry 5,000 lbs of cargo.
What Is GAWR?
GAWR stands for Gross Axle Weight Rating. It is the maximum weight each axle can support. Trailers with tandem axles divide weight across both axles.
Example:
A tandem-axle trailer with two 3,500 lb axles has a combined GAWR of 7,000 lbs.
Understanding Trailer Curb Weight
Curb weight (also called empty or dry weight) is the weight of the trailer with no cargo. This includes the frame, deck, axles, tires, jack and standard equipment.
How To Calculate Payload Capacity
Payload refers to how much weight your trailer can carry.
Payload Capacity = GVWR – Curb Weight
Example:
GVWR: 10,000 lbs
Curb Weight: 3,000 lbs
Payload: 7,000 lbs
Tongue Weight Explained
Tongue weight is the downward force the trailer places on the tow vehicle’s hitch. Proper tongue weight should be 10–15% of the trailer’s total loaded weight.
Incorrect tongue weight can lead to swaying, loss of control or hitch damage.
Matching Trailer Weight to Tow Vehicle Capacity
Your tow vehicle has its own weight limits, including:
• Tow rating
• Hitch rating
• GCWR (Gross Combined Weight Rating)
• Payload rating of the vehicle
Always ensure your loaded trailer weight does not exceed the lower of your tow vehicle or hitch limits.
Why Weight Distribution Matters
Proper load distribution affects handling, stopping distance and trailer stability.
Key rules:
• Place 60% of the load forward of the axles
• Distribute weight evenly left to right
• Avoid rear-heavy loads that cause sway
Common Weight Rating Mistakes
• Confusing curb weight with GVWR
• Overloading a single axle instead of the overall trailer
• Ignoring tongue weight
• Assuming all 7,000 lb trailers can carry the same payload
• Forgetting that accessories add weight
Where To Find Your Trailer’s Weight Ratings
Weight ratings are listed on the manufacturer’s VIN sticker, usually located near the coupler or on the frame. Verify:
• GVWR
• GAWR per axle
• Tire load rating
• Manufacturing date
• VIN number
Final Thoughts
Knowing your trailer’s GVWR, GAWR and payload capacity is essential for safe towing. These numbers determine how much you can haul, how to load your trailer and whether your tow vehicle is properly matched. Understanding weight ratings prevents fines, breakdowns and dangerous towing situations.
